Improvement in apparatus for bleaching and cleansing textile fabrics



Patented May 27. 1862.

lnynt'or, l

S. BARLOW.

Bleaching Apparatus.

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SAMUEL EARLow, or srAxEHILL, MrDDLEroN,

FENCEa ArENT COUNTY OF LANCASTER,

ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING ,AND CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 35,357, dated May 27, 1862.

To all wzont it may concern.-

Be it knownY that I, SAMUEL 'BARLow, of

Stakehill, Middleton, in` the county -of Lancaster, in England,have invented certain Improvements in `Apparatus for Bleaching and Cleansing Textile Fabrics; `and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

The object of my invention is to improve and expedite the process of bleaching and cleansing textile fabrics and materials bypassing often and rapidl f through and among them warm or hot Ableaching and cleansing p liquids, thereby more effectually and rapidly extracting and removing discoloring matter, dirt, or impurities than can be done by percolation of said liquids through said textile matter or by other means employed prior to my invention.

My invention consists uin an improved arrangement and construction of apparatus for bleaching and cleansing textile fabrics and material, substantially such as is herein described, and it is embodied in an apparatus consisting `of two closed metallic vessels, termed keirs, which are so connected `each with the other by pipes forming communication from the top of each to the bottom of the I other, and with provision by which steam of considerable pressure can b e admitted alternately to the top of either keir, that Huid admitted into the top of one `keir can be expelled therefrom by steam-pressure forcing the fluid through `the Vmaterial contained in this'keir into the top of the other, and by stopping the supply of steam to the keir in which itwas iirst admitted for the purpose 'above named, and by admitting it to the other keir,` which contains the fluid, this may be forced back through 'the material contained in said keir to the top of that one into which the fluid was first admitted, and this operation may be repeated indefinitely as often as is necessary or desirable. Each ofthe keirs is provided with a man-hole and its appendages, through which the textile matter is introduced and removed, which holes can be closed so as to be steam-tight under pressure. Within and at the bottom of each keir is a plate (made by preference of `iron and solid, except around the edge, which is perforated) so shaped as to leave space between it and the keir bottom, from which plate, extending upward, is a pipe or "pipes perforated with small holes placed closely together from the top nearly to the bottom, which is best made solid, so that no liquid 'can remain in said pipe or pipes at the bottom, and so that the iquid introduced into said pipe or pipes shall not be discharged therefrom so near the inclosed plate before referred to as to pass directly through the apparatus with but little contact with the matter with which it is packed or charged. Each of the said pipes or distributers in both keirs receives' an inlet-pipe through the top of each keir, through which the bleaching or cleansing fluid is aly ternately forced from one keir to the other, and through which inlet-pipes steam is introduced iirst into one keir and then into the other.

Beneath the plate before referred to as within each keir means are provided forrdischarging or blowing olf the liquid of each keir and for blowing steam through each keir, and one keir is provided with a suitable inlet for charging it with bleaching or cleansing liquid.r

Referring to the drawings, a a are the keirs, which I prefer to have made of boiler-plate and which must' be strong enough to withstar d the load of textile and fluid matter and the steam pressure with which they are charged. Where joints are needed in construction, they are best made flush on the inside-butted joints battened on the outside are preferable-and the rivet-heads should be countersunk on the inside, so that no asperities are left to injure the goods.

h (seen in keir a) is the man-hole with usual appendages, which man-hole is used for packing and unpacking the goods and for entrance into the keir for repairs and for convenience in constructing it. Both keirs are provided with. similar man-holes; but, keir a being shown in longitudinal vertical section to exhibit parts in the interior of the keir embodying my invention, the man-hole in said keir is .not therein shown. The top of both keirs is surmounted with two-way valves o `c, commanding the communication with the keirs from the pipe d, conveying steam from the boiler, and also with the pipes e e', which opening communication with e e', and the connect the bottom of a with top of a and bleaching or cleansing liquid, first properly the bottom of a with top of a. These valves heated, is run or pumped into a through c tn also be used to shut off all communicavalve l. This valve is then closed and valve tion with the keirs from either the steam-pipe c so turned as to let steam into a', and Valve (l or the pipes e e. An aperture in the botc is so turned as to open communication tom of each keir communicates with the pipes through e from the bottom of a to the top c c and is surinounted, as shown in keir a, by of a. This forces the bleaching or cleansing a piece, f, shaped as shown in the drawings, liquid through all the goods in a', through the which upholds the perforated pipe g and the apertures in the convex plate therein, and center of the plate lt. This plate, which is of through pipe e into the distributer and upon less diameter than the cross-section of the the top of the goods in a. By turning the keir, is placed in the keir with its convex survalve c so as to let the steam iiow into a, and face uppermost and with its perimeter supby turning valve c so as to shut off steam ported by the concave surface of the base of from a and open communication with pipe e, the keir, leaving the space shown in keir a,

the bleaching or cleansing liquid is forced into which fluids can escape through perforafrom a backinto a. This process is repeated tions around h into the pipe beneath.

till the goods are sufficiently Worked. The vertical perforated pipe g (shown in a) My invention may be modified by making I term the (listributei. It is made solid or one of the keirs smaller than the other and is filled for a short distance from the bottom using it only to contain the operating-liquid, to the commencement of the perforations, so

which would first be forced from the small that all fluids entering therein may escape vessel into the large one containing the goods, therefrom by the perforations. A pipe, fi, and would next be forced through the goods in leading from the valve c through the top of this vessel back into the small one, which prothe keir, is introduced into the upper end of cess would be repeated till the goods reached g, which end is secured to the top of the keir the desired condition. A further modificain some convenient way, as shown in the section which will incorporate one part of my tional part of the drawings.

invention to advantage in certain cases is to Check-valves k k', opening downward and employ but one keir, closed or open, as may closing upward, are placed in the steam-pipe be desired. In such cases a piiffer-pipe,which between the valves c c and the boiler, as

is an ordinary pipe of small diameter and of shown in the drawings, to prevent the fluid sufficient length to be secured to the perfocontents of the keirs from passing from them rated plate and to extend above the top of into the boiler consequent upon a sudden fall the goods in the keir, may be fixed. Within the of pressure in the boiler or the formation distributer, if there is but one, or centrally therein of a partial vacuum. One of the among them if there is a number, and if the keirs, a, is provided with a valve, l, through keir is an open one a deflector is to be sewhich the liquid to be used for bleaching or cured at a little distance over the upper open cleansing is introduced. The pipes e e are end of said pipe, the lower open end of which supplied with valves m m,through which the communicates with the space beneath the fluid contents of the keirs can be discharged perforated plate. Into this space and from and steam blown through the kiers from the the bottom of the keir and in the axial liiie boiler. of said pipe extends the open end of the n n are glass gages, by which can be seen short arm of a siplion-shaped pipe and conwhether or not liquid is passing through sidei'ably above the bottom of the keir, so as pipes e e. to allow the working-liquid to accumulate The operation of my invention is as follows: beneath the perforated plate without flowing Both keirs, which are alike in all particulars, into the steam-pipe. Now, if the goods are except that a has the valve Z, which is not placed in the keir and the working-liquid is needed on the other keir, are filled with the poured upon them and into the distributer, goods to be operated on, they being packed it is evident that it will percolate through on the convex plates and around the distributhem into the space left below the perforated ters and kept highest at the center of the plate. If, then, steam is let on through thc keirs. The man-holes being closed, steam is steam-pipe referred to, the liquid will be admitted into both keirs through the valves c forced up by it, and, striking against the dec,being admitted bytheperforatedpipeto the flector or the top of the keir, according as interior of the pack of goods, as well as to the keir may be open or closed, falls back the upper surface. This forces all the cold air again upon the top of the goods and into and water out of the goods, through the per* the distributer and again Works through, as forated convex plates, into the pipes e e, out before described. A convenient steam-valve through the blow-off valves m fm', these beis of course to be connected with the steaming opened for that purpose, and leaves the pipe and a suitable discliarge-valve with the goods warm or hot and nearly dry. When bottom of the keir. the air and water are thus forced out, the I claimvalves m m are closed and the valves c cA 1. "he combination of closed keirs so arare so turned as to shut off the steam without ranged that by direct pressure of steam within said keirs bleaching or cleausngliquid can be forced interchangeably from one to the otherand through the textile material contained in one or both keirs7 substantially as described, by which the goods or materials are subjected to the action of bleaching-liquid and of steam alternately, for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of a perforated pipe or pipes, or distributer or distributers, With a plate perforated at 4its outer edge, when arranged Within a keir so as to admit bleaching or cleansing' liquid through the said perforated pipe or pipes Within the bulk of the pack of goods and to dischargev said liquid from said goods through said plate.

SAMUEL BARLOW.

Witnesses:

H. B. BARLOW,

Patent Agent, Manchester. JOHN PERKINS, p

Dmsmdn, Vlllcmcheszfer. 

